Design of Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafilters

摘要: A systematic calculational procedure is developed for the design of micellar-enhanced ultrafilters to treat aqueous streams contaminated with organic pollutants. Flat plate, spiral wound, hollow fiber, and tubular modules are evaluated performance (reduction in concentration volume reduction retentate) cost (capital operating). Membranes having a 5000 molecular weight cutoff (MWCO), which reject all micelles, 50 000 MWCO membranes, do not, used as examples. The surfactant considered hexadecyl(=cetyl)pyridinium chloride (CPC), pollutants chlorobenzene, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene. goal an ultrafiltration system reduce pollutant from its saturation value water Environmental Protection Agency pretreatment standard municipal sewage. combined osmotic-pressure fouling-resistance model quantifies permeate flux. Also important molar solubilization ratios respective organics CPC solutions, osmotic pressure function concentration, intrinsic rejection behavior membranes monomers micelles. An equilibrium-staged configuration operating countercurrently proposed system. For treatment 7.6 m 3 per day [2000 gal/day] wastewater saturated optimal consists equilibrium stage using 18 first at 207 kPa [30 psig], 2 wound second 1034 [150 psig] final stage. optimum ratio 6 ; concentrate leaves ultrafilter 17 kg/m , crossflow velocity m/s each This eliminates need prefiltration total feed minimizes capital costs.