Definition and management of anxiety, agitation, and confusion in ICUs.

摘要: Critically ill patients require continuous assessment of their need for sedation and pain management. The purpose this study was to develop a consistent categorization patient's symptoms identify actions that yield effective patient outcomes. Nurses in described with problems as those who were disoriented or aggressively acting out, fearful restless, manifesting changes orientation, memory loss, mental status. Twenty-seven medical intensive care unit (MICU) nurses volunteered complete questionnaire about process determining needs, interventions, evaluation criteria Fifty-five questionnaires completed by the nurses. identified separate subjective objective cues patients' anxiety, agitation, confusion. most frequently nursing differentiate between pain, confusion; personal reassurances, relaxation other physical comfort techniques; administer prescribed medication; collaborate physician cause; give additional medication. Effective outcome measures included stable vital signs, normal oxygen saturation, progression ventilator weaning if appropriate, return level quiet yet arousable state.