Epithelial Haven and Autophagy Breakout in Gonococci Infection.

摘要: The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that in 2016, there were 87 million new cases of gonorrhoea. Gonorrhoea is caused by the sexually transmitted human-exclusive agent Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a Gram-negative diplococcus causes cervicitis females and urethritis males may lead to more severe complications. Currently, no vaccine against N. gonorrhoeae. Its resistance antibiotics been increasing past few years, reducing range treatment options. gonorrhoeae requires surface protein/receptor (Opa proteins, porin, Type IV pili, LOS) adhere invade epithelial cells. During invasion transcytosis, targeted autophagy pathway, cellular maintenance process which balances sources energy at critical times degrading damaged organelles macromolecules lysosome. Autophagy an important host defense mechanism targets invading pathogens. Based on Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis, intracellular bacteria occupy autophagosome, double-membraned vesicle formed around molecules or microorganisms during macroautophagy fuses with lysosomes for degradation. Most gonococci end up autolysosomes degradation, but subpopulation inhibits maturation autophagosome its fusion activating mTORC1 (a known suppressor signaling), thus escaping autophagic elimination. This mini review focuses features cell invasion, particular focus how evades pathway.