Bacterial alginates: from biosynthesis to applications.

摘要: Alginate is a polysaccharide belonging to the family of linear (unbranched), non-repeating copolymers, consisting variable amounts beta-D-mannuronic acid and its C5-epimer alpha- L-guluronic linked via beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Like DNA, alginate negatively charged polymer, imparting material properties ranging from viscous solutions gel-like structures in presence divalent cations. Bacterial alginates are synthesized by only two bacterial genera, Pseudomonas Azotobacter, have been extensively studied over last 40 years. While primarily form polymannuronic acid, undergoes chemical modifications comprising acetylation epimerization, which occurs during periplasmic transfer before final export through outer membrane. with unique characteristics has increasingly considered as biomaterial for medical applications. The genetic modification producing microorganisms could enable biotechnological production new unique, tailor-made properties, suitable industrial