Low energy x‐ray emission from magnetic fusion plasmas

摘要: Complex, transient, spatially inhomogeneous tokamak plasmas require careful diagnosis. As the reactor regime is approched, soft x rays become more important as a versatile diagnostic tool and an energy‐loss mechanism. Continuum emission provides measure of electron temperatures light impurity content. Impurity lines serve probe for ion temperature, behavior, radiative cooling. The entire spectrum yields vital information on instabilities disruptions. importance impurities illustrated by extensive efforts toward understanding production, effects, control. Minute heavy concentrations can prevent ignition. Si(Li)‐detector arrays give broad overview continuum line x‐ray (.3−50 keV) with moderate energy (200 eV) time (50 ms) resolution. Bragg crystal grating spectrometers provide detailed informaion to excellent (E/ΔE=100−23,000) resolving power 1−50 ms resolut...