摘要: The advent of the World Wide Web has created an explosion in available on-line information. As range potential choices expand, time and effort required to sort through them also expands. We propose a formal framework for expressing combining user preferences address this problem. Preferences can be used focus search queries order results. A preference is expressed by entity which described set named fields; each field take on values from certain type. * symbol may match any element that combined using generic combine operator instantiated with value function, thus providing great deal flexibility. Same more than one way combination yields another closure property. demonstrate power our illustrating how currently popular personalization system real-life application realized as special cases framework. discuss implementation relational setting.