External nutrient loading from land, sea and atmosphere to all 656 Swedish coastal water bodies.

摘要: Identifying the main sources of nutrient loading is a key factor for efficient mitigation eutrophication. This study has investigated pathways external to 656 coastal water bodies along entire Swedish coastline. The studied have been delineated meet requirements in European Union's Water Framework Directive, and recent status assessments shown that 57% them fail attain good or high ecological with respect nutrients. analysis was performed on data from mass-balance based budgets computed using modelling framework Vattenwebb. contribution sea highly variable, ranging about 1% nearly 100%, but median >99% total regarding both nitrogen phosphorus. External atmosphere local catchment area played minor role general. However, 45 received >25% phosphorus their catchments. Loading land typically peaked April following ice-break snow melting comparatively low during summer. results indicate many eutrophicated bodies, abatement likely be optimally effective when potential measures all concerned basin are considered. Local-scale single will locally only small proportion areas where thereby also input compared influx sea. Future studies should include reduction scenarios order refine these conclusions identify relevant spatial scales eutrophication body perspective.