Counselors as Leaders in Schools

摘要: School counseling emerged, and continues to evolve, in response social, educational, political economic trends (Paisley & Borders, 1995). Although each shift may be viewed as an inevitable reaction societal demands, nonetheless, has brought about increased ambiguity regarding their purpose within schools. Even during periods which factors have remained relatively constant, the work of school counselors is often characterized by variety fragmentation (Coll Freeman, 1997; Lambie Williamson, 2004; Martin, 2002). Consequently, been marginalized Further, despite training child development multiculturalim, are overlooked leaders or cultural brokers communities (Amatea West-Olatunji, 2007). The literature on leadership, regardless tradition, focused primarily those formal leadership positions, such case schools, principal (Spillane, Halverson, Diamond, 2004). Research schools suggested that not sole purview principal; other professionals play vital roles leading instructional innovation (Spillane et al.; Smylie Denny, 1990; Heller Firestone, This article offers valuable information K-12 counselors, supervisors, counselor educators, principals, teachers, staff capacity inherent virtue training, theoretical orientation, mission. authors describe evolution outlining its developmental history (e.g. vocational guidance, mental health movement, guidance). A description era points current direction leaders, suggests recommendations seeking status. Counseling Models In this section, a brief overview major exhibited past 100 years, how these addressed underachieving students provided. Each contributed own characteristics position community American Counselor Association (ASCA) (2005) National Model promotes 21st century (See Table 1). shaped notion assisted finding career avenues relevant interests passions. movement expanded focus responding personal/social aspects families form remedial services. encouraged consider unique circumstances diverse face reaching quality education. Finally, Comprehensive Competency Based Guidance Programs (CCBSCGP) focuses more can serve meet academic, vocational, needs while collaborating with stakeholders. These eras discussed below. Vocational Researchers profession began social reform when there was public outcry against labor industrial boom late 1800's (Krumboltz Kolpin, 2003). Before guidance found way into field dedicated helping people find occupations would allow them become contributing members society. Frank Parsons, considered father credited advocating for trained perform first decade 20th (Gysbers Henderson, 2000, p. 4). Later, World Wars I II compounded need widespread assessment (Myrick, When U. …