Role of DNA repair in the protection against genotoxic stress

摘要: The genome of all organisms is constantly attacked by a variety environmental and endogenous mutagens that cause cell death, apoptosis, senescence, genetic diseases cancer. To mitigate these deleterious endpoints genotoxic reactions, living have evolved one or more mechanisms for repairing every type naturally occurring DNA lesion. For example, double-strand breaks are rapidly religated non-homologous end-joining. Homologous recombination used the high-fidelity repair interstrand cross-links, other injuries disrupt replication fork. Some lesions inflicted alkylating agents can be repaired direct reversal damage. base excision pathway takes advantage multiple glycosylases to remove modified incorrect bases. Finally, nucleotide machinery provides versatile strategy monitor quality eliminate forms helix-distorting lesions, including wide diversity carcinogen adducts. efficiency responses enhanced their coupling transcription coordination with cycle circuit.