Chronic neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury: Alzheimer disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or persistent neuroinflammation?

摘要: It has long been suggested that prior traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases the subsequent incidence of chronic neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Among these, association with disease strongest support. There is also a long-recognized between repeated concussive insults progressive cognitive decline or other neuropsychiatric abnormalities. The latter was first described in boxers as dementia pugilistica, received widespread recent attention contact sports such professional American football. term encephalopathy coined to attempt define “specific” entity marked by neurobehavioral changes extensive deposition phosphorylated tau protein. Nearly lost discussions post-traumatic neurodegeneration after role sustained neuroinflammation, even though this well established pathologically since 1950s, strongly supported preclinical clinical studies. Manifested microglial astroglial activation, inflammation may be most important cause terms prevalence. Critically, emerging studies indicate persistent neuroinflammation associated treatable initiating insult(s).