Inflammatory cytokines and antigen presenting cell activation

摘要: Immune responses are stimulated in response to threats against health. In animals, defense infectious agents, particularly rapidly growing viruses and bacteria, requires an immediate limit growth dissemination, then stimulation of a more prolonged, specific immunity prevent re-infection. The process by which animals meet the dual needs danger initiation long-term protection is substantially influenced inflammatory cytokines produced primarily macrophages professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). Inflammatory mobilize immune system increase efficiency as effectors APC function. Here we review evidence for involvement induction mediators activity, with particular emphasis on swine at mucosal surfaces. vast majority infections occur surfaces enteric, respiratory reproductive tracts, protective these sites challenging. Induction small intestine greatly facilitated oral adjuvant, cholera toxin (CT). CT potentiates cytokine costimulatory molecule expression macrophages, stimulates humoral cell-mediated both locally systemically. These observations consistent hypothesis that activation APCs key step antigen-specific immunity, hallmark activated efficacy vaccine adjuvants, context may be determined their ability induce controlled gut-associated lymphoid tissue, characterized various molecules cytokines. Thus, elucidation patterns features will help facilitate rational development efficacious vaccines.