The glucose transporter families SGLT and GLUT: molecular basis of normal and aberrant function

摘要: Glucose enters eucaryotic cells via 2 different types of membrane associated carrier proteins, the Na+-coupled glucose transporters (SGLT) and transporter facilitators (GLUT). Three members SGLT family function as sugar (SGLT1 SGLT2) or sensors (SGLT3). The human GLUT consists 14 members, which 11 have been shown to catalyze transport. individual isotypes exhibit substrate specificity, kinetic characteristics, expression profiles, thereby allowing a tissue-specific adaptation uptake through regulation their gene expression. Furthermore, some (eg, GLUT4 GLUT8) are regulated by subcellular distribution. In addition catalyzing entry into cells, GLUT2) seem be involved in mechanisms glucosensing pancreatic beta-cells, neuronal, other playing major role hormonal neural control. Targeted disruption mice has helped elucidate physiologic (GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT4). several congenital defects metabolism caused aberrant genes glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome, SGLT1; 1 deficiency syndrome; Fanconi-Bickel GLUT2). addition, malfunction (GLUT4) appears contribute insulin resistance syndrome.