Political Ecology and Socio-Ecological Conflicts in Southeast Asia

摘要: INTRODUCTIONFrom July 2015 onwards, forest and peat fires raged once again in Indonesia, mainly on the remaining forests Sumatra Kalimantan. By end of year, acrid haze extended to neighboring countries Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, releasing CO2 emissions equivalent annual Germany driving a public health emergency across region. Under Haze Wave, everyday life Indonesia was brought standstill, thousands people were evacuated, offices schools closed. Land clearance through slash burn practices for industrial plantations that feed massive global demand palm oil pulpwood reported as root cause (Balch, 2015; Osborn, Torpey, Franklin, & Howard, 2015).The appropriation control land these patterns resource-based development - along with selective industrialization processes rapid urbanization have significantly contributed economic growth Southeast Asia. At same time, region especially marginalized groups face environmental social costs centuries resource extraction (e.g., deforestation, water pollution, flooding, biodiversity loss, eviction indigenous or ethnic minorities, surge urban poor) give rise resistance conflicts against forms development. This special issue features focus such socio-ecological from political ecology perspective. It brings together an interdisciplinary collection expressions conflict over land, forests, water, mining, assets, discusses power relations underlying contestation well strategies different actors deal unequal outcomes politics.POLITICAL ECOLOGY, POWER RELATIONS, AND SOCIO-ECOLOGICAL CONFLICTSIn contrast debates about natural scarcities, highlights societal character impacts (Robbins, 2012). The research agenda analyzes nature distribution consumption resources explicitly process is linked ownership (Bryant Bailey, 1997; Neumann, 2005; Robbins, Society-nature hence evolve historically geographically embedded constellations are power, domination, inequalities. Based economy understanding, Bryant Bailey (1997) conceptualize "ability actor control" (p. 39) access other resources. Power is, then, one person, group, state has another state, both material resources, risks) symbolic terms knowledge systems discourses) (Pichler, 2016). Hence, transformation shaped by domination associated who (Wissen, 2015). As Blaikie Brookfield (1987) put it: "one person's degradation another's accumulation" 14).Focusing problems implies taking related into account. Conflicts serve "as prime form expression politics" (Le Billon, 2015, p. 602) where (contradictory) interests revealed. Whereas mainstream often strives prevention conflicts, ecologists challenge depoliticization issues highlight emancipatory potential conflict.Over last three decades, developed diverse conceptions conflicts. …