Considerations in bringing a cancer biomarker to clinical application.

摘要: Abstract Specific challenges face our application of emerging biomarkers to early lung cancer detection. These might be considered frontiers bridged between established biomedical disciplines, requiring expertise often beyond the range individual investigators. Cross-disciplinary research already has led new appreciation mechanisms which underlie phenotypic expression transformed cell and places within grasp tools lead successful Prior newly described markers, further cross-disciplinary must (a) refine selection biologically appropriate (b) validate such markers against acknowledged disease end points, (c) establish quantitative criteria for marker presence/absence, (d) confirm predictive value in prospective population trials.