Scaling in ecotoxicology: Theory, evidence and research needs

摘要: Issues of scale, particularly extrapolations across spatial or temporal scales, are great importance in ecotoxicology. A variety approaches valuable for addressing issues and developing scaling relationships that allow extrapolation scales. Both theoretical empirical can be applied deriving relationships. models may employed, including statistical models, mathematical computer simulations physical (such as microcosms mesocosms). Specific appear promising include dimensional analysis, allometric scaling, fractal geometry microcosm/mesocosm experiments which scale is appropriately manipulated a treatment variable. Further research should directed toward assessing the strengths weaknesses these approaches, identifying non-linearities thresholds relationships, integrating aspects designing experimental studies explicitly...