Calcium and Free Radicals: Mediators of neurotrophic factor and excitatory transmitter-regulated developmental plasticity and cell death.

摘要: Abstract An intricate interplay between neurotrophic factor and excitatory transmitter signaling systems exists in both the developing adult brain. Interactions these appears to be a fundamental mechanism regulating adaptive neuritic pruning cell death. Accordingly, genetically environmentally induced imbalances this regulatory system are implicated pathogenesis of variety acute (such as stroke traumatic brain injury) chronic Alzheimer's Parkinson's diseases) neurodegenerative disorders. Neurons exhibit delayed responses factors transmitters; include rapid structural remodeling growth cones synaptic contacts, induction or suppression expression gene products involved neuroprotection. Intracellular free Ca2+ radicals appear play key roles mediators neurons transmitters factors. For example, response bFGF includes stabilization homeostasis antioxidant enzymes; actions antagonize dendrite outgrowth-stabilizing excitotoxic glutamate. Intricate interactions exist glutamate so that can induce their receptors, modulate exitatory receptors. A novel interact with is beta-amyloid precursor protein, which important neuronal plasticity survival. working model for regulation survival connectivity presented, considers spatial temporal constraints on release of, receptors for, transmitters.