Napoleon Bonaparte's gastric cancer: a clinicopathologic approach to staging, pathogenesis, and etiology

摘要: Background Numerous hypotheses on the cause of Napoleon Bonaparte's death have been proposed, including hereditary gastric cancer, arsenic poisoning, and inappropriate medical treatment. We aimed to determine etiology pathogenesis Napoleon's illness by a comparison historical information with current clinicopathologic knowledge. Investigations Evaluation clinical history, original autopsy reports, documents. The data from 135 cancer patients were used for available Napoleon. Diagnosis At least T3N1M0 (stage IIIA) cancer. tumor extended cardia pylorus (>10 cm) without infiltration adjacent structures, which provides strong evidence at stage T3. N1 was determined presence several enlarged hardened regional (perigastric) lymph nodes, M0 absence distant metastasis. Analysis documents indicates that main risk factor might Helicobacter pylori infection rather than familial predisposition. Conclusions Our analysis suggests sporadic carcinoma advanced stage. Patients such tumors notoriously poor prognosis.