Description of behaviors in nonverbal critically ill patients with a traumatic brain injury when exposed to common procedures in the intensive care unit: a pilot study.

摘要: Behavioral indicators are strongly recommended for pain assessment in nonverbal patients. Although pain-related behaviors have been studied critically ill patients, those with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) either excluded or underrepresented. Because these patients also likely experience pain, research is urgently needed to generate knowledge this field. This pilot study aimed explore of TBI when exposed common procedures the intensive care unit (ICU), using video recording at bedside and newly developed coding system. Ten hospitalized ICU participated. A 44-item behavioral checklist created from existing tools was used as system identify before, during, 20 minutes after nociceptive procedure (turning) nonnociceptive (noninvasive blood pressure [NIBP]). Patients were recorded check interrater agreement between two trained observers. exhibited more during turning than rest NIBP (p < .001). The following observed turning: levator contraction (n = 7), frowning 5), opening eyes weeping raising eyebrows activating ventilator alarms muscle tension 5). No change noted NIBP. After educational training videos, average percentage assistants 96%. Pain can be detrimental health recovery. clinicians should aware enable better detection treatment highly vulnerable group.