Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Neoplasia Using Radioactive Monoclonal Antibodies

摘要: The immunoglobulin molecule has long been the focus of investigators as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic tool for cancer (Bale et al, 1955). first preparations polyclonal antibodies seemed to bear out this possibility (Goldernberg, 1978), however difficulty in obtaining clinically relevant quantities through experimental animal immunisation protocols that existed great variability between (Mach 1980) made transit from test-tube clinic very difficult. Apart limited availability, elements unpredictability irreproducibility hampered research progress immunotherapy. It was hybridoma technology (Kohler Milstein, 1975) resulting monoclonal gave new impetus medical diagnosis treatment. There are still number obstacles be overcome. Absolutely tumour-specific antigens rare so crossreactivity is problem. Non specific targeting tissues rich reticuloendothelial tissue (bone marrow, liver) concern. Penetration into solid tumours, due adverse physiological or anatomical properties, poor (Jain, 1990). Antibody dilution large volume human host circulation shed antigen-antibody complexes may pose further pharmacokinetic problems. A sensitive immune system impediment part well characterised response murine antibody (HAMA), it can also recognise even relatively small chemical alterations humanised molecules caused by linkers (Johnson al,), thus limiting repetitive treatments. Even use repeatedly shown result production anti-idiotype (Lockwood 1993). Absolute uptake much less than achieved xenografts (Epenetos 1986). variety problems stemming actual imaging agents attached have identified e.g. toxin immunogenicity (Pai 1991),111 In proclivity liver (Sands Jones, 1987).