Optical Constants of Eight Rare Earth Elements: (Ce), (Sm), (Gd), (Tb), (Dy), (Er), (Tm), and (Yb)

摘要: Publisher Summary The 14 rare-earth elements or lanthanides lie in the periodic table between atomic numbers 58 and 71, cerium to lutecium, are generally characterized by a basic electron configuration of 6s2 5d1 progressive filling 4f shell. exceptions europium, which has 7 electrons none 5d shell, ytterbium, no 5d. Both these thus exhibit cubic structures. rest hexagonal anisotropic optical properties. behavior this group 10 10,000 eV is governed 3, 4, as narrow localized band shielded outer 5p 6s electrons, overlapping bands giving high density states close Fermi energy. This situation allows many quantum transitions energy at low photon energies (1 5 eV), rise several absorption peaks spectral region.