Evidence of individual solar proton events in Antarctic snow

摘要: The high-resolution nitrate analyses of a snow sequence in Antarctica reveals clear evidence that the contains chemical record ionization from charged particles incident upon upper atmosphere Earth. Antarctic continent acts as cold trap effectively freezes out this signal and retains it stratigraphy ice shelves continental sheet. we measure results nitrogen oxygen, two primary constituents Earth's atmosphere, which subsequently react to form oxides nitrogen. A large portion produced are ultimately oxidized nitric acid incorporated crystals together with nitrates tropospheric sources also contribute general background. concentration firn core was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry under tightly controlled experimental procedures. Based on uninterrupted, sampling, variations were found average about 53% (one standard deviation) mean for entire core. Short pulses high show variance up 11 deviations above mean. At series mean, precision analysis is better than 2%.