Groundwater and human development: challenges and opportunities in livelihoods and environment.

摘要: At less than 1,000 km 3 /year, the world9s annual use of groundwater is 1.5% renewable water resource but contributes a lion9s share water-induced human welfare. Global however has increased manifold in past 50 years; and race never had to manage on such large scale. Sustaining massive welfare gains development created without ruining key challenge facing world today. In exploring this challenge, we have focused good deal conditions occurrence so use. I offer typology five demand systems as Groundwater Socio-ecologies (GwSE), each embodying unique pattern interactions between socio-economic ecological variables, distinct governance challenge. During century, growing corpus experiential knowledge accumulated industrialized managing various uses contexts. A daunting global issue today apply intelligently by far more formidable that arisen developing regions Asia Africa, where irrigation evolved into colossal anarchy supporting billions livelihoods threatening itself.