Neural Modulation of Orthodontic Tooth Movement

摘要: Millions of people worldwide have orthodontic therapy for the treatment dental malocclusions, craniofacial disorders, and simply to improve their appearance. However, has several major problems, including long time braces must be worn, pain involved during treatment, need wear retainers prevent relapse. Orthodontics could improved. Understanding mechanisms with tooth movement represents a first step toward this goal. Improvements in practice orthodontics would an immediate significant impact on millions individuals undergoing worldwide. Orthodontic can thought as interaction mechanical force biological tissue (Krishnan Davidovitch, 2006; Wise King, 2008). Much progress finding better means apply teeth. While advances been made regarding mechanics materials used orthodontics, there relative plateau overall outcomes. For example, moderately difficult case still requires average 18-36 months no different than 50 years ago. It is apparent that discoveries relating manipulations may provide path significantly improving practice. enhancing speed accomplished if bone remodeling occurred at accelerated rate alveolar associated teeth being moved. not formally demonstrated clinic, animal studies strongly support notion. mouse model was by overexpressing Receptor Activator Nuclear Factor Kappa B-Ligand (RANKL) (Kanzaki et al., 2006). RANKL promotes formation resorptive activity osteoclasts, specialized cells charged resorption (Hofbauer Heufelder, 2001). Conversely, inhibitors osteoclast osteoprotegerin (OPG), integrin inhibitors, bisphosphonates matrix metalloproteinases all slowed (Holliday 2003; Dolce Kanzaki 2004; Dunn 2007). Although these showed it possible manipulate which proceeds altering activity, specific agents tested date are probably inappropriate use clinic too much danger off target effects. Such risks unacceptable procedures. currently