Non-clear cell advanced kidney cancer: is there a gold standard?

摘要: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for approximately 3% of all new cancer diagnosis every year. RCC arises from the renal epithelium and represents 85% kidney tumors. According to histology, these neoplasms are divided into following types: clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, oncocytoma, collecting duct, unclassified. Approximately, 75% RCCs type in recent years, there have been substantial advances understanding its molecular biology leading development effective treatments. However, is still an area uncertainty with regard non-clear histologies. Scarce studies conducted testing different drugs this patient population. Thus, most evidence comes small phase II trials, retrospective analysis, or expanded access programs. Recent insights basis tumors opened a promising research field. Molecules targeting mammalian target rapamycin, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-MET, vascular endothelial factor, platelet-derived among some tested setting. This article reviews mechanisms disease on summarizes treatment options particular focus patients