Bioactive compounds in human milk and intestinal health and maturity in preterm newborn: an overview.

摘要: Premature births are increasing worldwide (about 15 millions per year) due to several reasons (an advanced maternal age, fertility treatments, stress, smoking, nutritional deficiencies) and lead a high societal overall cost. Among neonatal care procedures, the clinical nutrition practices essential promote development minimize sequelae. Prema-ture newborns at major risk of death by infections immaturity their intestine. Human milk provides not only nutrients but also plethora biologically active components that tailored contribute intes-tinal tract early in postnatal life. them, some bioactive molecules exhibit trophic effects (LC-PUFA, sphingomyelin, IGF-I IGF-II, EGF, insulin, leptin, adiponectin, lactoferrin, lactadherin, probiotics, prebiotics, miRNA) or part intestinal cell membranes (PUFA, LC-PUFA, phospholipids, sphingolipids, cholesterol), others educate intestine for innate microbial recognition (sCD14, sTLR-2, miRNA), many them display direct fighting against pathogens (some fatty acids monoglycerides, phospholipids BSSL, sIgAs, MUC-1, prebiotics), establish gut microbiota prebiotics). A syn-ergetic action exists between molecules. All together these precious agents regulate maturation mucosal barrier, might program life future adult health. This review lists main compounds addresses plausible roles mechanisms action.