The stress response and immune system share, borrow, and reconfigure their physiological network elements: Evidence from the insects

摘要: The classic biomedical view is that stress hormone effects on the immune system are largely pathological, especially if chronic. However, more recent interpretations have focused potential adaptive function of these effects. This paper examines response-immune interactions from a physiological network perspective, using insects because their simpler physiology. For example, hormones can reduce disease resistance, yet activating an response results in release both vertebrates and invertebrates. From this phenomenon consistent with 'sharing' energy-releasing ability by system. Stress-induced immunosuppression 'borrowing' molecular components to increase capacity stress-relevant processes (i.e. trade off). insect octopamine adipokinetic also 'reconfigure' help compensate for loss some system's resources (e.g. apolipophorin III). helps explain seemingly maladaptive between adaptiveness individual may be apparent only perspective whole organism. These broad principles will apply