Stimulation of growth factor synthesis by electric and electromagnetic fields.

摘要: Biophysical input, including electric and electromagnetic fields, regulate the expression of genes in connective tissue cells for structural extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins resulting an increase cartilage bone production. In vivo models clinical situations, this can be manifested as enhanced repair a gain mechanical properties repairing tissues. The mechanisms by which cell functions are regulated biophysical input is subject review. interactions fields at membrane not well understood require considerable additional study. We review information on transmembrane signaling, channel activation receptor stimulation or blockade. Understanding physical signaling will most likely necessary to establish dosing paradigms improve therapeutic efficacy. Considerable has been generated intermediary mechanism activity - growth factor stimulation. Electric gene for, synthesis of, factors may function amplify field effects through autocrine paracrine signaling. produce sustained upregulation factors, enhance, but do disorganize endochondral formation. Progress areas signal transduction very rapid future directions suggested.