Species richness and endemism of plant and bird communities along two gradients of elevation, humidity and land use in the Bolivian Andes

摘要: . We studied the patterns of species richness and range–size rarity (as a measure endemism) two plant groups (Pteridophyta, Bromeliaceae) birds along gradients elevation, humidity human land use in forested Andean valley. Both transects covered transition from an arid valley bottom through cloud forest zone to relictual high-elevation Polylepis forest, but differed overall precipitation. Plants were surveyed 88 plots 400 m2 each, while detected primarily visual observations tape recordings over areas 0.3–1.5 km2. Global range sizes all mapped on 1°-grids range-size was calculated as mean inverse size recorded elevational steps 200 m. Patterns mainly unrelated between within study groups. Monotonic increases decreases hump-shaped observed for well rarity. Several these can be interpreted light ecological requirements each taxonomic group, e.g. dependence fern or bird habitat complexity. Species ferns peaked at higher elevations less rainy transect, possibly result levels solar radiation ecosystem productivity. endemism are causally cannot used predict those other spatial scale this study. Human impact highest mostly low intermediate richness, often high zones endemism.