Ligand and Ensemble Effects in Bimetallic NiFe Phosphide Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran

摘要: A series of supported nickel–iron phosphide catalysts were used to study the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF), a model compound for biomass-derived pyrolysis oil. The prepared by incipient wetness impregnation active components onto potassium ion-exchanged USY zeolites followed temperature-programmed reduction. samples denoted as Ni2P/KUSY, NiFeP(3:1)/KUSY, NiFeP(1:1)/KUSY, NiFeP(1:3)/KUSY, and FeP/KUSY, where numbers in parenthesis are Ni:Fe molar ratios. results studies can be understood from ensemble ligand effects. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated presence alloys mixed composition samples, this was CO chemisorption infrared measurements. Uptakes decreased iron content increased, suggesting that present on surface blocked sites. Fourier transform (FTIR) measurements showed single peak linearly adsorbed whose intensity with Fe content, agreement uptake results. Moreover, FTIR shifted monotonically consistent effect an alloy formed Ni2P FeP particles. reactivity 2-MTHF HDO studied at 250–325 °C 0.5 MPa it found conversion highest Ni2P/KUSY sample steadily content. However, turnover frequency did not change significantly, indicating rate-determing step activation Ni selectivity low (3 %) changed mostly n-pentane n-butane 1-pentanol iron-containing subsequent steps operational influencing reaction chemistry. At high (70 all produced n-butane.