摘要: The surveillance capacities of professional sports clubs and Leagues are directly related to their modes governance. This paper identifies how private enact through processes inclusion exclusion. Using three examples demonstrate these processes, we argue that the mechanisms associated with governance at times replicate, other contradict, influence those broader law enforcement security developments. These also suggest potential increases in activities emerge club often flow from external concerns regarding allegations crime, national breaches corruption. context-specific case studies (Flyvbjerg 2001) identity authentication closely tied complex, multi-tiered structures practices distinct sports. We then explore patterns can be interpreted as either connected or equivalent developments involving surge (Murakami Wood 2009) concepts exclusion under criminal law. conclude by discussing both internal regulatory forces shape interrelated facets surveillance, elite