Globalisation, the founder effect, hybrid Phytophthora species and rapid evolution: new headaches for biosecurity

摘要: The oomycete genus Phytophthora contains a large number of plant pathogens that cause significant damage to natural and agricultural systems. Until recently species have been distinguished using limited set morphological characters. development DNA-based technologies has revealed much broader more complex diversity than previously recognised, led the recent description many new species. This review looks at underlying mechanisms for generation within genus. intercontinental movement transplantation infected material partially explains appearance in unexpected places. However, it is also likely novel arise as result hybridisation rapid evolution introduced under episodic selection pressures. Hybrid progeny may possess equal or greater virulence parent species, thereby posing an increasing risk our environment production These discoveries amplify threats posed by introduction into environments, expose crucial weakness current evidence-based biosecurity regimes. Further work required identify hybrids, anticipate understand occurrence hybridisation, implement appropriate quarantine management measures.