Superior Vena Cava Erosion and Perforation

摘要: The most important predisposing factor to caval perforation is prolonged contact of the end catheter against vein wall, as occurs more frequently in cases insertion through collateral vessels left innominate vein. initial clinical manifestations vascular include cardiopulmonary symptoms (chest pain or dyspnea) radiographic evidence a new rapidly progressive pleural effusion. curved tip sign usually precedes other and signs perforation. Recognition gentle curve should prompt readjustment replacement its position avoid vessel perforation, which may result hydrothorax pneumothorax, hydromediastinum, pericardial effusion, all potentially life-threatening complications. Once diagnosed, must be removed promptly.