Physiological adaptations of yeasts living in cold environments and their potential applications.

摘要: Yeasts, widely distributed across the Earth, have successfully colonized cold environments despite their adverse conditions for life. Lower eukaryotes play important ecological roles, contributing to nutrient recycling and organic matter mineralization. Yeasts developed physiological adaptations optimize metabolism in low-temperature environments, which affect rates of biochemical reactions membrane fluidity. Decreased saturation fatty acids helps maintain fluidity at low temperatures production compounds that inhibit ice crystallization, such as antifreeze proteins, microorganisms survive around freezing point water. Furthermore, hydrolytic extracellular enzymes active allows consumption available carbon sources. Beyond importance, interest psychrophilic yeasts has increased because biotechnological potential industrial uses. Long-chain polyunsaturated beneficial effects on human health, proteins are attractive food industries texture preserved temperatures. cold-active display unusual substrate specificities with higher catalytic efficiency than mesophilic counterparts, making them processes requiring high enzymatic activity In this minireview, we describe several possible applications.