The regionalization of maritime governance: Towards a polycentric governance system for sustainable shipping in the European Union

摘要: Driven by the global nature of shipping, maritime governance is characterized a long history intergovernmental decision making with International Maritime Organization (IMO) as central locus authority. Since 1980s, for European Union (EU) and its member states subject to processes regionalization, especially in environmental domain. Dissatisfaction ambition level IMO well lack effective implementation enforcement standards has driven emergence four regionally-based initiatives: use special areas Conventions, adoption Paris Memorandum Understanding (MoU) on Port State Control, development shipping policy domain market based initiatives ports cargo-owners. This article analyses how each these regional are cooperation between group actors initiative become integrated governance. The concludes that although remains authority, MoU PSC EU legislation resulted move from centralized, system 1950s 1980s more polycentric today.