Emissions of Metals Associated with Motor Vehicle Roadways
作者： Glynis C. Lough , James J. Schauer , June-Soo Park , Martin M. Shafer , Jeffrey T. DeMinter
DOI: 10.1021/ES048715F
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摘要: Emissions of metals and other particle-phase species from on-road motor vehicles were measured in two tunnels Milwaukee, WI during the summer 2000 winter 2001. Emission factors calculated measurements fine (PM2.5) coarse (PM10) particulate matter at tunnel entrances exits, effects fleet composition season investigated. Cascade impactors (MOUDI) used to obtain size-resolved metal emission rates. Metals quantified with inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) X-ray fluorescence (XRF). PM10 rates ranged 38.7 201 mg km-1 composed mainly organic carbon (OC, 30%), inorganic ions (sulfate, chloride, nitrate, ammonium, 20%), (19%), elemental (EC, 9.3%). emissions dominated by crustal elements Si, Fe, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, K, associated tailpipe brake tire wear, including Cu, Zn, Sb, Ba, Pb, S. emitted PM2.5 lower (11.6% ...
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