Nematode-Trapping Fungi Produce Diverse Metabolites during Predator-Prey Interaction.

摘要: Nematode-trapping fungi are natural antagonists of nematodes. These predatory capable switching their lifestyle from a saprophytic to stage in the presence nematodes by developing specialized trapping devices capture and consume The biochemical mechanisms such predator–prey interaction have become increasingly studied given potential application nematode-trapping as biocontrol agents, but involved fungal metabolites remain underexplored. Here, we report comprehensive liquid–chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) metabolomics study on one hundred wild isolates three different species, Arthrobotrys oligospora, thaumasia, musiformis. Molecular networking analysis revealed that were producing thousands metabolites, chemical diversity was notably increased switched stage. Structural annotations tandem those belonged various structural families, peptide, siderophore, fatty alcohol, acid amide, production exhibited species specificity. Several small peptides (<1.5 kDa) produced A. musiformis found, with partial amino sequences resolved spectra. Four (desferriferrichrome, linoleyl nonadecanamide, citicoline) significantly enriched identified validated standards, bioactivities against nematode prey assessed. availability datasets will facilitate comparative studies future.