A review of natural sinkhole phenomena in Italian plain areas

摘要: Italian sinkholes, which are mainly related to karst phenomena (i.e., solution collapse etc.), widespread along the Apennine ridge and in pedemontane areas where there carbonatic bedrock outcrops. However, other collapses, seem unrelated dissolution, have been identified plain with a thick sedimentary cover over buried bedrock. The main goal of this work is study geological, geomorphological, structural setting these identify possible mechanism generation evolution collapses. About 750 cases were by research based on historical archives, specific geological literature, information from local administrations. Geological, hydro-geochemical surveys conducted 300 cases, supported borehole, seismic data. A few examples discarded because they could be ascribed volcanic origin maar), or anthropogenic causes. Field studies regarding 450 progress. These occur Tyrrhenian margin (Latium, Abruzzo, Campania, Tuscany) tectonic, coastal, alluvial plains close carbonate ridges. characterized presence pressurized aquifers bedrock, overlaid unconsolidated sediments clay, sands, pyroclastic deposits, etc.). majority collapses aligned regional master seismogenetic faults. 50% studied host small lakes ponds, often highly mineralized springs enriched CO2 H2S. Periadriatic does not affected phenomena, only found Sicily, Sardinia, Liguria. obtained scenarios suggests that type upward erosion through vertical conduits deep faults) caused piping processes whose erosive strength increased acidic fluids. In order distinguish typical dissolution defined as sinkholes (DPS).