Fitness supplements as a gateway substance for anabolic-androgenic steroid use

摘要: Approximately 3.0% of young Americans have used anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). A traditional model adolescent substance use, the gateway hypothesis, suggests that drug use follows a chronological, causal sequence, whereby initial specific leads to an increased likelihood future use. Therefore, illicit appearance and performance enhancing drugs (APED), such as AASs, also analogous progression, legal APEDs, (e.g., nutritional supplements) precedes APED We examined relationship between supplement beliefs about in 201 male (n = 100) female 101) undergraduates. Participants completed measures muscle dysmorphia (MDDI), body checking (BCQ, MBCQ), eating disorder symptoms (EDE-Q), perfectionism (FMPS), positive efficacy-safety AAS patterns. series covariance structure models (CSM) showed image disturbance, compulsive exercise, perfectionism, independent gender, were significant predictors AAS. Those who both fat burning building supplements reported strongest efficacy-safety, which was associated with higher current There evidence indirect relationships through contact other users The potential role for initiation illegal is discussed. Future prevention efforts may benefit from targeting youth.