Correlational selection and the evolution of genomic architecture

摘要: We review and discuss the importance of correlational selection (selection for optimal character combinations) in natural populations. If two or more traits subject to multivariate are heritable, builds favourable genetic correlations through formation linkage disequilibrium at underlying loci governing traits. However, disequilibria built up by expected decay rapidly (ie, within a few generations), unless is strong chronic. argue that frequency-dependent biotic interactions have 'Red Queen dynamics' (eg, host-parasite interactions, predator-prey relationships intraspecific arms races) often fuel chronic selection, which enough maintain adaptive kind we describe. illustrate these processes phenomena using empirical examples from various plant animal systems, including our own recent work on evolutionary dynamics heritable throat colour polymorphism side-blotched lizard Uta stansburiana. In particular, male female morphs lizards cycle five- two-generation (year) timescales under force selection. Each morph refines other Red dynamic. Strong gradients among life history, immunological morphological shape polymorphism. broader consequences buildup co-adapted trait complexes species, such as implications speciation processes.