Transurethral Resection of Non–muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

摘要: Abstract Transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB) is initial and critical step in management tumours. The aim procedure to establish histologic diagnosis, determine tumour stage grade, achieve complete removal papillary non–muscle-invasive Although TURB a frequently performed procedure, its results are limited by high recurrence rate risk understaging. major prerequisite for optimal outcomes systematically meticulously well-trained urologist. Smaller tumours can be resected en bloc; >1cm should separately fractions. Deep resection, including detrusor muscle, essential correct staging. biopsy taken from all areas suggestive carcinoma situ (CIS), biopsies normal-looking mucosa recommended only patients with positive cytology or non-papillary modern equipment, new telescopes video systems. Moreover, urologists aware promising innovations, imaging techniques, their possible benefits. Re-TUR improve recurrence-free survival (RFS) It any patient T1 high-grade at when pathologist has reported that specimen contained no muscle. also considered cases where urologist not sure was complete, especially extensive multiple