Comparative analysis of pesticide effects on natural enemies in western orchards: A synthesis of laboratory bioassay data

摘要: Abstract Pesticides are commonly used for pest management in apple, pear and walnut orchards the western U.S. may disrupt biological control of secondary pests these crops. A comparative analysis was made results obtained from a series laboratory bioassays acute mortality life table response experiments to estimate lethal sublethal effects eight pesticides on seven natural enemy species through use stage-structured population models. Even though number tested were reduced-risk products, all them with exception copper plus mancozeb chlorantraniliprole, caused more than 80% at least one stage full field-rate concentration could thus be considered moderately harmful according International Organization Biological Control classification bioassays. Important included reductions daily fecundity egg fertility. From integration matrix models, mean estimated intrinsic rates increase negative exposure cyantraniliprole, lambda-cyhalothrin spinetoram, but positive not significantly different mancozeb, novaluron, sulfur. For comparisons among pesticides, there appears considerable variation that can only represented effectively experiment population-level endpoint, whereas species, their range frequently by adult alone.