Unresolved contradictions specifying attitudes — in metaphor, irony, understatement and tautology

摘要: Abstract Tropes using unresolved contradiction to specify attitudes can be found in several kinds of figurative language. Examples metaphor, irony, understatement and tautology are presented. In the discrepancy between ordinary reference a term its metaphoric use an instrument specifying attitude for receiver. Unresolved useful comprehending metaphors which (1) there is paradox, (2) subject implicit, (3) ill-defined. irony understatement, gap what literally said sender's belief communicate towards matter. By being repetitious non-informative, express self-justification, conservatism like. We conclude that contradictions implied at surface level trope need not always resolved properly understood.