Closed-loop production systems—A sustainable supply chain approach

摘要: Abstract Closed-loop production systems strive for sustainability by improving economic and environmental goals simultaneously. We note that many negative impacts, such as waste, energy consumption, transport processes packaging, can be avoided if companies establish closed-loop systems. In this contribution we outline the concept of sustainable supply chain networks (SSCN) a suitable means designing The implementation SSCN allows process links between in to close, which facilitates transformation from flow economy into circular economy. A improves ultimately leads improvements performance.