Metabolic Engineering of Pathways and Gene Discovery

摘要: Humans have been manipulating the genetic information of plants throughout history agriculture. In this respect, every new plant variety or animal race is a result introduction novel metabolic changes. This process has slowly advancing for millennia. However, with discovery biochemical pathways and later gene manipulation techniques in 1970s, pace greatly speeded up. Already mid-1980s, many compounds enzymes participating were linked to their cloned genes, which can then be used engineering metabolism. Soon, products from appeared including, vaccines other pharmaceuticals, plastics, proteins that may render certain as effective tools environmental decontamination. These endogenous thus field science-metabolic was born. Metabolic defined targeted purposeful modification an organism improved use cellular chemical transformation, energy transduction, macromolecular synthesis breakdown, potentially benefiting society by producing biological substitutes toxic chemicals, increasing agricultural production, improving industrial fermentation processes, completely compounds, understanding molecular mechanism underlying medical conditions order develop cures (Kurnaz 2005).