From privilege to competition : unlocking private-led growth in the Middle East and North Africa

摘要: The report starts with an introductory chapter that sets the stage for issues and provides a short historical background on development of private sector in Middle East North Africa (MENA), drawing anecdotes stories heard from many entrepreneurs public officials consulted throughout region during preparation this report. core analysis is then presented three parts. Part one assesses performance macroeconomic microeconomic standpoint (chapter two). It presents framework used to explain identified gap three) uses four) claim lack dynamism MENA not necessarily due insufficient reforms, but rather discretionary way which rules policies are implemented, credibility governments really level playing field when applying their reforms. two illustrates how issue poor implementation translates key policy areas business environment region: access finance five), land six), conduct industrial seven). aim show role state its institutions, diverted regulatory administrative missions by special interests subject influence, can distort may otherwise be well designed intended. analyzes political economy reforms eight) offer set strategic recommendations concrete actions take into account region's diversity nine).