作者: Marta Chesi , P. Leif Bergsagel
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8520-9_4
关键词:
摘要: Multiple myeloma (MM) is monoclonal tumor of antibody secreting plasma cells (PC) in the bone marrow (BM), that often diagnosed by presence a typical M-spike serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), or free light chains urine. Its symptomatic phase associated with significant end organ damage including lytic lesions, anemia, loss kidney function, immunodeficiency, and amyloid deposits various tissues [1]. MM incidence higher blacks than whites, men women [2], for total estimate 21,700 cases 10,710 deaths United States 2012 [3]. Although continues to be considered an incurable disease, thanks recent therapeutic advances, 5-year survival rate reported SEER database has increased from 28 % (1987–1989) 43 (2002–2008) [2]. Notably, subset patients cytogenetically defined low-risk MM, initially treated 1999 were having 10-year 75 [4], presumably even better results possible starting treatment today. are malignant counterpart post-germinal center (GC) long-lived PCs, characterized strong BM dependence, somatic hypermutation (SHM) immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, isotype class switch resulting absence IgM expression all but 1 tumors [5]. However, differ healthy PCs because they retain potential low proliferation (1–3 cycling cells).