The central nervous system and heart failure.

摘要: The view that chronic heart failure was exclusively a disease of the dominated cardiovascular literature until relatively recently. However, over last 40 years it has increasingly come to be seen as multisystem disease. Aside from changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, adaptations lungs, muscles gastrointestinal tract have been clearly documented. It is clear brain CNS are also affected patients with failure, although this often under recognized. purpose review summarize structure biochemical function discuss their potential importance.