Large Effects from Small Exposures. III. Endocrine Mechanisms Mediating Effects of Bisphenol A at Levels of Human Exposure

摘要: Over 6 billion pounds per year of the estrogenic monomer bisphenol A (BPA) are used to manufacture polycarbonate plastic products, in resins lining metal cans, dental sealants, and blends with other types products. The ester bond linking BPA molecules undergoes hydrolysis, resulting release free into food, beverages, environment, numerous monitoring studies now show almost ubiquitous human exposure biologically active levels this chemical. exerts effects through classical nuclear estrogen receptors, acts as a selective receptor modulator. However, also initiates rapid responses via receptors presumably associated plasma membrane. Similar estradiol, causes changes some cell functions at concentrations between 1 pM nM, mean median range unconjugated measured by multiple techniques pregnant maternal, fetal, adult blood tissues exceeds these levels. In contrast published findings, manufacturers persist describing weak insist there is little concern Our derives from 1) identification molecular mechanisms mediating animal very low doses, 2) vivo experimental animals caused doses within exposure, 3) widespread that cause adverse animals.