Diversity and Beneficial Interactions Among Methylobacterium and Plants

摘要: Methylotrophy is defined as the ability to “grow at expense of reduced carbon compounds containing one or more atoms but no carbon–carbon bonds” [Anthony C (1982) The biochemistry methylotrophs. Academic, New York]. There are multiple aspects understand methylotrophy making it a wonderful model system. On practical side, methylotrophs play key role in global cycling C1 and offer intriguiging biotechnological opportunities for production commodity chemicals from methanol. major proportion annual plant-released methanol does not enter atmosphere, may be reoxidized by biological oxidation, which catalyzed methanol-oxidizing prokaryotes. Until now, 56 aerobic species have been isolated soils. These methylotrophic bacteria belong different classes including Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria. Their ecological niches determined oxygen concentration, temperature, pH, capability utilize nitrate an electron acceptor, spectrum nitrogen sources, utilizable multi-carbon substrates. Examination phylogenetic tree shows that found clades with non-methylotrophic sister taxa. However, genes required growth highly conserved amongst large gene clusters, phylogenies often incongruent “organismal” 16S rDNA tree. data show methylobacteria involved plant growth-promoting traits, e.g., 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, cytokinins, auxin production, etc., well colonization rhizosphere phyllosphere. Thus, they can considered plant–microbe-interaction (symbiosis) methanol-consuming viewed coevolved partners plants determine its growth, survival, reproduction (fitness). In this chapter, we explore current knowledge relating methylotrophy, diversity their interaction processes imply both ecosystem level.