Spontaneous Currents in Mesoscopic and Macroscopic Systems

摘要: The possibility of current-carrying ground states due to the Aharonov-Casher and Aharonov-Bohm effect in mesoscopic macroscopic systems is discussed detail. In metal rings, interplay between two effects not separable, spontaneous spin currents via are dominated by charge effect. an annulus-shaped Josephson junction array, on other hand, only comes in; corresponding vortex current generates a voltage across annulus, which appears be observable.